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Substrate

Before you start digging, remember that most aquatic plants require a minimum of five hours of direct sunlight per day. And, like any other plants, pond plants require certain nutrients for optimal health. Water garden plants get carbon dioxide, potassium, magnesium and calcium primarily from the water but they can receive nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other trace nutrients from the substrate. Providing these nutrients in the substrate helps prevent algae from utilizing them and proliferating. Clay or other iron-containing substrates mixed with organic material are the best choices for a nutrient-rich substrate. Try building the bottom layer with iron-rich clay, the middle layer with garden soil mixed with peat and the top layer with one inch of aquarium gravel.

Fertilizing

Aquatic plant food is available in a variety of forms including dilutable, tablets and ready-to-use liquids. If you can find a good pond supply store, the people working there can offer guidance about your plant's requirements. Explain the type of substrate you're providing, what type of plants you're growing and any problems, such as algae overgrowth or poorly thriving plants, that you're encountering.

Potting Plants

Using potted plants is an easy way to control your plants' substrate and nutrient levels. Many emergent plants do well as potted plants but will require dividing one in a while for optimal growth. All ponds should have a variety of emergent, floating and underwater plants for the best look and water quality.