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The Nitrogen Cycle

The waste products fish give off break down into ammonia, which can be highly toxic to fish. It doesn't take long for ammonia concentrations to reach toxic levels in an aquarium. Fortunately, the nitrogen cycle breaks down ammonia, converting it into less harmless nitrogen compounds. This breakdown is achieved by nitrifying bacteria that establish colonies in aquarium filter beds. To start the cycle in your new aquarium, place one or two hardy fish, such as damselfish, in the new tank. Don't overfeed them. More food equals more waste equals more ammonia. During this first nitrogen cycle the ammonia level will spike and then suddenly drop as the bacteria do their job. Readily available test kits will allow you to measure the various chemical levels in your aquarium. You'll know the tank has gone through a full cycle when your test kit detects nitrates with little ammonia. Do not add any more fish until the tank has completely cycled at least once.

Maintaining Water Quality

After your tank is established it is essential to keep a close watch on the temperature and chemical and pHlevels. Monitor ammonia and nitrite levels. A good book or aquatic pet expert can guide you. Over time the water will evaporate. Replace this water with dechlorinatedfreshwater, not saltwater. The salt does not evaporate with the water. Some education, experience and patience can yield a spectacular marine aquarium.